Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour of the cervix, which is the lowest part of the uterus.
Cancer of cervix is the second most common life threatening cancer in women worldwide after breast cancer. Developing countries like India accounts for nearly one-third of global cervical cancer burden.
Sexually acquired HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS(HPV) infection is responsible for 70% of cervical cancers & precancerous lesions. More than 100 different strains of HPV are known today.
High risk HPV types 16 & 18 cause cervical cancer & low risk HPV types like 6,11,31,33,45 etc are responsible for benign genital warts.
Precancerous cervical lesions are lesions where the cells have not breached the underlying tissues i.e CIN1, CIN2 & CIN3. 70% of these high grade precancerous lesions progress to invasive carcinoma in 10yrs if not detected and treated.
Though cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women it can be prevented with appropriate screening tests & vaccinations.
Cervical cancer is the only preventable cancer!!
Vaccinations are available for Human Papilloma viral infection.
There are Bivalent HPV vaccines - against HPV types 16 & 18 and Quadrivalent HPV vaccines - against HPV types 6,11,16 & 18.
[* Information according to CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) www.cdc.gov]
Other cancers that are prevented by HPV vaccine:
The HPV vaccination is used to protect against the following diseases that can be caused by various types of HPV:
Radical hysterectomy
Radiotherapy (External radiotherapy and Brachytherapy, that is radiation given within the cervical, uterine and vaginal cavities)
Chemotherapy given along with Radiotherapy to enhance its effect.
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